On the contrary, in our study, the EO extracted from O. gratissimum collected in Brazil did not reveal interesting effects against both L. zerumbet were already investigated for anti-leishmanial activity however on other L. Indeed, the IC 50 values of these selected EOs were lower than 10 nL/mL in the second analysis. zerumbet, were lower than 1%, meaning that these EOs revealed a potential activity.
Our data showed that percentages of viable parasites incubated with the lower concentration of five EOs, extracted from A. In this study, the primary screening was performed against Lmm promastigotes at concentrations of 25 and 50 nL/mL in order to quickly identify interesting EOs (1 nL is a little less than 1 µg depending on the density of the EO). According to the classification of anti-parasitic activity from literature, extracts that showed effect against parasites with IC 50 value ≤2 µg/mL (or 2 µM for pure compounds) are cited as having good activity, those with IC 50 between 2 and 20 µg/mL (or micro molar for pure compounds) are considered as having a moderate activity, while those with higher IC 50 value were considered as less interesting. This study analyzed the in vitro activity of 37 EOs extracted from Vietnamese plants against Leishmania mexicana mexicana. Therefore, a clear knowledge of the EO composition is necessary. This chemical variability can influence their activities or adverse effects. Moreover, the major component of an EO can also vary in different chemotypes of the same plant species. However, EOs are complex mixtures of several compounds and their compositions vary according to many factors, such as plant’s environment and growing conditions, methods of harvesting, extraction and storage. (a synonym of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemant) or Bixa orellana L. Several EOs showed interesting potential to be used as new anti-parasitic drugs such as those extracted from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Interestingly, topical application, the most frequent way to administer EOs, is recommended to be explored for the development of new anti-leishmanial drugs targeting CL because of their effectiveness and safety. There are more and more studies on EOs biological activity because they are usually devoid of long-term genotoxic risks. They are known to be biologically active, mainly possessing antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Įssential oils (EOs), also known as volatile oils, are natural products formed by a mixture of volatile compounds produced by many plants. In advanced cases, it can lead to the ulcerative destruction of the nose (such as perforation of the nasal septum), mouth, and pharynx.
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Lesions can spread from the skin to the mucosal surfaces of the nose or the mouth, leading to chronic stuffiness, bleeding, and inflamed mucosa or sores. peruviana, is usually more severe and lasts longer than that in the Old World, which is caused by L. Conversely, if the disease becomes chronic, there is a high risk of severe bacterial infection. In cases of ulcers healing, they leave permanent deep scars, which often cause a serious social prejudice. These lesions are sometimes self-healing without treatment, or become chronic. Skin lesions, the clinical signs of CL, develop within several weeks or months after exposure. Infected female phlebotomine sand flies inject these parasites from their proboscis to human when they take their blood meals.
It contained 86.5% eugenol, which was demonstrated to be effective on Lmm with IC 50 of 2.57 ± 0.57 nL/mL and not toxic on mammalian cells, explaining the observed activity.ĬL is caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania ( L.) genus. However, they also showed cytotoxicity with SI 10. Our results indicated that EOs extracted from Cinnamomum cassia, Zingiber zerumbet, Elsholtzia ciliata and Amomum aromaticum, possessed a moderate anti-leishmanial activity, with IC 50 values of 2.92 ± 0.08, 3.34 ± 0.34, 8.49 ± 0.32 and 9.25 ± 0.64 nL/mL respectively. Their composition was determined by GC-MS and GC-FID. Active EOs were also analyzed for cytotoxicity on mammalian cell lines (WI38, J774) and their selectivity indices (SI) were calculated. In our researches for new safe and effective treatments, thirty-seven essential oils (EOs) extracted from Vietnamese plants were screened in vitro for the first time on Leishmania mexicana mexicana (Lmm) promastigotes at the maximum concentration of 50 nL/mL. Leishmania mexicana is one of the pathogens causing cutaneous leishmaniasis which is associated with patient morbidity.
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